NCERT Solution class 10 SST
Understanding Economy Development
CHAPTER I : DEVELOPMENT
1. Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above
Answer- Development of a country can generally be determined by
- (iv) all the above: its per capita income, average literacy level, and health status of its people.
2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
Answer- (ii) Sri Lanka
3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000
Answer- (iv) Rs 6000
4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Answer-The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is typically their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. However, the limitations of this criterion include not accounting for income distribution within a country and not capturing non-economic factors such as literacy levels, health status, and quality of life.
5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Answer- The criterion used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for measuring development considers not only economic factors but also social indicators such as education, health, and gender equality. This holistic approach differs from the World Bank's focus primarily on economic indicators.
6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
Answer-We use averages to simplify complex data and draw general conclusions. However, limitations include the potential for skewing results, especially in cases of extreme values or unequal distributions. For example, in a village with both wealthy and impoverished residents, the average income may not accurately represent the living standards of the majority.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
Answer- Disagree. Per capita income is one of many indicators of development, and while it is important, it should be considered alongside other factors like literacy, healthcare, and quality of life. Kerala's higher human development ranking despite lower per capita income suggests that other factors contribute to overall development.
8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
Answer- Present sources of energy in India include coal, oil, natural gas, and renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Fifty years from now, possibilities may include increased reliance on renewable energy, advanced nuclear technology, and innovations in energy storage and distribution.
9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Answer-The issue of sustainability is important for development because environmental degradation affects not only the present but also future generations. It impacts ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate stability, ultimately threatening the well-being of all living beings. Sustainability ensures that development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
10. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”. How is this statement relevant to the disscusion of development? Discuss.
Answer- This statement highlights the importance of sustainable development by emphasizing the finite nature of Earth's resources and the consequences of unchecked consumption. It underscores the need for equitable distribution of resources and responsible stewardship to ensure that development is sustainable and benefits all.
11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer- Examples of environmental degradation include deforestation, air and water pollution, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change.
12. For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Answer-
13. The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2 ) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16.
Look at the table and answer the following questions.
State Male Female (%) (%) Kerala 8.5 10 Karnataka 17 21 Madhya Pradesh 28 28 All States 20 23 DEVELOPMENT 17
(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
Answer- The nutritional level of people in Kerala is better compared to Madhya Pradesh as the proportion of adults with below normal BMI is lower in Kerala.
(ii) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Answer- Despite enough food in the country, around one-fifth of people may be undernourished due to factors such as unequal distribution of food, lack of access to nutritious food, poverty, inadequate infrastructure for food distribution, and cultural factors affecting dietary habits.
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